In taekwondo schools - even outside Korea -
Korean language commands and vocabulary are often used.
Korean numerals
may be used as prompts for commands or for counting repetition
exercises. Different schools and associations will use different
vocabulary, however, and may even refer to entirely different techniques
by the same name. As one example, in Kukkiwon/WTF-style taekwondo, the
term
ap seogi refers to an upright walking stance, while in ITF/Chang Hon-style taekwondo
ap seogi refers to a long, low, front stance. Korean vocabulary commonly used in taekwondo schools includes:
See also
References
- Sik, Kang Won; Lee Kyong Myung (1999). A Modern History of Taekwondo. Seoul: Pogyŏng Munhwasa. ISBN 978-89-358-0124-4.
- Gillis, Alex (2008). A Killing Art: The Untold History of Tae Kwon Do. ECW Press. ISBN 978-1550228250.
- "Kukkiwon History". Retrieved September 7, 2014.
- Williams, Bob (23 June 2010). "Taekwondo set to join 2018 Commonwealth Games after 'category two' classification". The Telegraph. Retrieved 21 November 2010.
- "WTF Competition Rules". Retrieved September 7, 2014.
- Choi, Hong Hi (1987). Encyclopedia of Taekwon-Do. International Taekwon-Do Federation. ASIN B008UAO292.
- "ITF Theory of Power". Retrieved September 11, 2014.
- Kim, Sang H. (2002). Martial Arts Instructors Desk Reference: A Complete Guide to Martial Arts Administration. Turtle Press. ASIN B001GIOGL4.
- "ITF Austria". Retrieved September 16, 2014.
- "ITF United Kingdom". Retrieved September 16, 2014.
- "ITF Spain". Retrieved September 16, 2014.
- "ATA History". Retrieved September 7, 2014.
- "The Jhoon Rhee Story". Retrieved September 7, 2014.
- "WTF History". Retrieved September 7, 2014.
- "American Taekwondo Association | Martial Arts, Karate, Tae Kwon Do, Tae-Kwon-Do". www.ataonline.com. Retrieved 2015-06-26.
- Website, A. "Blue Cottage Taekwon-Do". www.bluecottagetkd.com. Retrieved 2015-06-26.
- "Main". www.gtftaekwondo.com. Retrieved 2015-06-26.
- "World Taekwondo Headquarters". www.kukkiwon.or.kr. Retrieved 2015-06-26.
- "Home - Jhoon Rhee Tae Kwon Do - Arlington". Jhoon Rhee Tae Kwon Do - Arlington. Retrieved 2015-06-26.
- "U-Nam The Forgotten ITF Pattern" (PDF). Blue Cottage Taekwondo. Retrieved January 5, 2016.
- Choi, H. H. (1993): Taekwon-Do: The Korean art of self-defence, 3rd ed. (Vol. 1, p. 122). Mississauga: International Taekwon-Do Federation.
- Kukkiwon (2005). Kukkiwon Textbook. Seoul: Osung. ISBN 978-8973367504.
- Capener, Steven D.; H. Edward Kim (ed.) (2000). Taekwondo: The Spirit of Korea (portions of). Korea: Ministry of Culture and Tourism, Republic of Korea.
Korea
has a long history of martial arts stretching well back into ancient
times. Written historical records from the early days of the Korean
peninsula are sparse, however, there are a number of well-preserved
archeological artifacts that tell stores of Korea’s early martial
arts.", "taekwondo leaders started to experiment with a radical new
system that would result in the development of a new martial sport
different from anything ever seen before. This new martial sport would
bear some important similarities to the traditional Korean game of
taekkyon.
- Seth, Michael J. (2010). A History of Korea: From Antiquity to the Present. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. ISBN 978-0742567160.
- Cummings, B. (2005). Korea's Place in the Sun. New York, NY: W.W. Norton.
- Park, S. W. (1993): About the author. In H. H. Choi: Taekwon-Do: The Korean art of self-defence, 3rd ed. (Vol. 1, pp. 241–274). Mississauga: International Taekwon-Do Federation
- Glen R. Morris. "The History of Taekwondo".
- Cook, Doug (2006). "Chapter 3: The Formative Years of Taekwondo". Traditional Taekwondo: Core Techniques, History and Philosophy. Boston: YMAA Publication Center. p. 19. ISBN 978-1-59439-066-1.
- Choi Hong Hi (1999). "ITF Information interviews with General Choi.". The Condensed Encyclopedia Fifth Edition. Archived from the original on 2009-09-18. Young
Choi's father sent him to study calligraphy under one of the most
famous teachers in Korea, Mr. Han II Dong. Han, in addition to his
skills as a calligrapher, was also a master of taekkyeon, the ancient
Korean art of foot fighting. The teacher, concerned over the frail
condition of his new student, began teaching him the rigorous exercises
of taekkyeon to help build up his body.
- "Brief History of Taekwondo". Long Beach Press-Telegram. 2005.
- S. Benko, James. "Grand Master, Ph.D". The Tenants Of Tae Kwon Do. ITA Institute. Retrieved 13 March 2013.
- "ITF More Culture". Retrieved September 11, 2014.
- "ITF Philosophy". Retrieved September 11, 2014.
- "WTF Philosophy". Retrieved September 11, 2014.
- "Kukkiwon Philosophy". Retrieved September 11, 2014.
- World Taekwondo Federation (2004). "Kyorugi rules". Rules. www.wtf.org. Archived from the original on 2007-07-02. Retrieved 2007-08-11.
- World Taekwondo Federation (2010): Competition rules & interpretation (2 March 2010, p. 5). Retrieved on 31 May 2010.
- Article 18
- p.26 Article 11
- Gomez, Brian (August 23, 2009). "New taekwondo scoring system reduces controversy". The Gazette.
- "British taekwondo chief says new judging system is far from flawless". morethanthegames.co.uk. Archived from the original on 26 December 2010.
- World Taekwondo Federation (Oct 7, 2010): Competition rules & interpretation (7 October 2010, pp. 31–32). Retrieved on 27 November 2010.
- "WTF World Taekwondo Federation". wtf.org.
- "itf-information.com". itf-information.com.
- ITF World Junior & Senior Tournament Rules - Rules and Regulations
- "AAU Taekwondo > Rules/Info > Rules Handbook > 2015 AAU Taekwondo Handbook Divided By Sections". www.aautaekwondo.org. Retrieved 2015-06-13.
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